It remained part of the Eastern Roman Empire for the next thousand years, albeit intermittingly coming under Arab control, sometimes jointly with the Romans. Cyprus subsequently formed part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom until it was annexed by Rome in 58 BC. As a strategic location in the Eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus has been contested and occupied by various powers since antiquity it was successively ruled by the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Persians before Alexander the Great seized it in 333 BC. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two distinct waves in the 2nd millennium BC, which left a lasting impact on the island's culture, language, and architecture archaeological remains include well-preserved ruins such as Salamis and Kourion. The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC it is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. It borders the United Kingdom in its military bases in the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia and the UN buffer zone that separates it from the northeast portion of the island is governed by the Northern Cyprus, a de facto state recognised only by Turkey. It is located north of Egypt, east of Greece, south of Turkey, and west of Lebanon and Syria. ![]() Cyprus is the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean. It is geographically in West Asia, but culturally and geopolitically Southeast European. ![]() Cyprus ( / ˈ s aɪ p r ə s/ i SY-prəss), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country located in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
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